Piston is a reciprocating movement in the cylinder body of an automobile engine. The basic structure of the piston can be divided into top, head and skirt. The top of the piston is the main part of the combustion chamber, and its shape is related to the selected combustion chamber form. Gasoline engines mostly use flat top piston, which has the advantage of small heat absorption area. Diesel engine piston top often has a variety of pits, its specific shape, position and size must be with the diesel engine mixture formation and combustion requirements.
Each piston has three wrinkles at the skirt body to install two gas rings and an oil ring, and the gas ring is on the top. During assembly, the openings of the two gas rings need to be staggered to play a sealing role. The function of the oil ring is mainly to scrape off the excess lubricating oil that spills onto the cylinder wall and scrape the lubricating oil evenly. At present, the piston ring materials widely used are mainly high-quality gray cast iron, ductile cast iron, alloy cast iron and so on.
In addition, due to the different position of the piston ring, the surface treatment they use is also different, of which the outer surface of the first piston ring is usually chrome-plated or molybdenum spray treatment, mainly to improve lubrication and improve the wear resistance of the piston ring. Other piston rings are tinned or phosphating, mainly to improve wear resistance.
If the piston ring is improperly installed or the sealing is not good, it will cause the oil on the cylinder wall to burn together with the combustion chamber and the mixture, causing the oil to burn. If the clearance between the piston ring and the cylinder wall is too small or the piston ring is stuck in the ring groove due to carbon accumulation, etc., when the piston does the reciprocating movement up and down, it is likely to scratch the cylinder wall, and after a long time, it will form a deep groove on the cylinder wall, which is often said that the "cylinder pulling" phenomenon. The cylinder wall has grooves, and the sealing is poor, which will also cause oil burning. Therefore, the working state of the piston should be checked regularly to avoid the occurrence of the above two situations and ensure the good running condition of the engine.
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